Manual small-incision cataract surgery under topical anesthesia for post-uveitis complicated cataract

Purpose: Cataract development is a common sequelae associated with uveitis. Despite phacoemulsification being the popular method of cataract surgery today, manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) may still be a safe and effective alternative because of several inherent benefits. There is not much literature and studies on the efficacy and safety of MSICS under topical anesthesia in complicated cataract in patients with uveitis. We aimed to study the safety and visual outcome of MSICS under topical anesthesia for post uveitis complicated cataract. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. The electronic medical records of adult patients who underwent MSICS under topical anesthesia for post uveitis cataract were reviewed. The records were reviewed and analyzed for preoperative clinical characteristics and visual acuity, intraoperative complications and postoperative visual acuity, and complications. Results: A total of 71 eyes of 59 patients were taken for final analysis. The average age of patients was 59.9 years. There was improvement in the best corrected visual acuity by 0.7 logMAR (P value <0.0001). Average follow-up period was 9.8 months. The mean gain in visual acuity in eyes that received preoperative steroids was 0.6 logMAR compared to the eyes that did not receive steroids (0.71 logMAR). The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.407). Complications seen during long-term follow-up were recurrence (15.5%), cystoid macular edema (7%), Epiretinal membrane (8.5%), and posterior capsular opacification (5.5%). Conclusion: With proper technique and precautions, MSICS can be safely and comfortably performed under topical anesthesia even in complicated cataracts with excellent visual and safety outcomes

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit juice delays immunosenescence in the lymphocytes in lymph nodes of old F344 rats / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Aging is associated with the development of diseases because of immunosuppression and altered functioning of the neuroendocrine system. The medicinal properties of Morinda citrifolia L. have been widely exploited for the treatment of age-associated diseases. This study aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of noni (M. citrifolia) fruit juice (NFJ) on neuro-immunomodulation in the lymph node lymphocytes of F344 rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lymphocytes isolated from axillary and inguinal lymph nodes of young (3-4 months) and old (18-21 months) rats were treated in vitro with different concentrations (0.0001%, 0.01%, and 1%) of NFJ for a period of 24 h. In the in vivo study, old (16-17 months) male F344 rats were treated with 5 mL/kg body weight of 5%, 10% and 20% of NFJ, twice a day, by oral gavage, and lymph node lymphocytes were isolated after 60 d. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and expression of intracellular markers, such as phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2), phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein, phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt), phospho-tyrosine hydroxylase (p-TH), phospho-nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-α (p-IκB-α) and phospho-nuclear factor-κB (p-NF-κB p65 and p50) were examined in the lymphocytes of lymph nodes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NFJ increased Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and p-ERK1/2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. In in vivo NFJ-treated old rats, lymph node lymphocytes showed increased expression of p-TH and Akt, nitric oxide production and decreased expression of p-NF-κB p65 and p50.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggest that the immunostimulatory properties of NFJ are facilitated through intracellular signaling pathways involving ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB.</p>

A Large, Neglected, Granular Cell Ameloblastoma: Management And Histopathological Analysis- A Case Report.

Ameloblastoma is a tumour of odontogenic epithelium. It is benign and of ectodermal origin. Although considered a benign tumour, its clinical behaviour can be considered of middle ground, between benign and malignant. In the present study, a case of large, neglected, granular cell ameloblastoma with a history of twelve years was presented with its clinical, radiological, histological features and treatment modalities. The growth pattern of the tumour is also been discussed with radiological evidence with two year interval period.

Fatal cerebral abscess caused by Cladophialophora bantiana.

Primary cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is caused by pigmented fungi that exhibit distinct neurotropism often in immunocompetent individuals. A 20-yr-old male presented with multiple brain abscess which was subsequently proven microbiologically to be due to Cladophialophora Bantiana. In spite of near total excision and appropriate antifungal agents succumbed to his illness. We report this case to highlight its rarity and high mortality in an immunocompetent host. There is no initial clinical or laboratory feature that makes a preoperative diagnosis possible and relies on microbiological confirmation.

FEM in periodontal research.

The changes in the periodontal tissues either due to pathologic processes on external forces have been investigated from histologic, histochemical, biochemical, physiologic, and bioelectrical (bony response) and biochemical viewpoint. However, because of the complexity of stress analysis or experimental techniques, no information is available on the stress induced in the periodontal tissues. The Finite Element Method (FEM), which is introduced as one of the methods for numerical analysis, has become a useful technique for stress analysis in biologic systems. The FEM makes it possible to analytically apply various force systems at any point and in any direction. From the periodontal point of view, FEM would provide different stress levels in periodontal structures based on the biomechanical principle, which in turn may prompt occlusal correction at an earlier date.